0 11 Stimulation stimulation NN 12 14 of of IN 15 18 the the DT 19 24 human human JJ 25 41 immunodeficiency immunodeficiency NN 42 47 virus virus NN 48 52 type type NN 53 54 2 2 CD 55 56 ( ( ( 56 61 HIV-2 hiv-2 NN 61 62 ) ) ) 63 67 gene gene NN 68 78 expression expression NN 79 81 by by IN 82 85 the the DT 86 101 cytomegalovirus cytomegalovirus NN 102 105 and and CC 106 111 HIV-2 hiv-2 NN 112 126 transactivator transactivator NN 127 131 gene gene NN 131 132 . . . 134 139 Human human JJ 140 156 immunodeficiency immunodeficiency NN 157 162 virus virus NN 163 164 ( ( ( 164 167 HIV HIV NNP 167 168 ) ) ) 169 174 often often RB 175 181 causes cause VBZ 182 188 latent latent JJ 189 198 infection infection NN 198 199 . . . 200 215 Transactivation Transactivation NNP 216 218 by by IN 219 223 some some DT 224 227 DNA dna NN 228 235 viruses virus NNS 236 239 has have VBZ 240 244 been be VBN 245 255 implicated implicate VBN 256 258 in in IN 259 267 inducing induce VBG 268 273 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 274 285 replication replication NN 286 289 and and CC 290 302 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN 302 303 . . . 304 307 The the DT 308 322 transactivator transactivator NN 323 324 ( ( ( 324 328 IE-2 ie-2 NN 328 329 ) ) ) 330 334 gene gene NN 335 337 of of IN 338 341 the the DT 342 347 human human JJ 348 363 cytomegalovirus cytomegalovirus NN 364 365 ( ( ( 365 368 CMV CMV NNP 368 369 ) ) ) 370 373 can can MD 374 381 enhance enhance VB 382 387 HIV-2 hiv-2 NN 388 390 as as RB 391 395 well well RB 396 398 as as IN 399 404 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 405 409 gene gene NN 410 420 expression expression NN 421 423 in in FW 424 429 vitro vitro FW 429 430 . . . 431 435 This this DT 436 443 inducer inducer NN 444 447 can can MD 448 451 act act VB 452 454 in in IN 455 462 concert concert NN 463 467 with with IN 468 471 the the DT 472 477 HIV-2 hiv-2 NN 478 481 tat tat NN 482 486 gene gene NN 487 490 and and CC 491 497 T-cell t-cell NN 498 508 activation activation NN 509 511 in in IN 512 521 enhancing enhance VBG 522 526 gene gene NN 527 537 expression expression NN 538 540 in in IN 541 546 human human JJ 547 551 CD4+ cd4+ JJ 552 563 lymphocytes lymphocyte NNS 563 564 . . . 565 570 While while IN 571 574 the the DT 575 580 HIV-2 hiv-2 NN 581 584 and and CC 585 590 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 591 594 tat tat NN 595 600 genes gene NNS 601 604 and and CC 605 611 T-cell t-cell NN 612 622 activators activator NNS 623 633 apparently apparently RB 634 640 employ employ VBP 641 652 independent independent JJ 653 658 modes mode NNS 659 661 of of IN 662 668 action action NN 668 669 , , , 670 673 the the DT 674 677 CMV CMV NNP 678 692 transactivator transactivator NN 693 695 in in IN 696 707 combination combination NN 708 712 with with IN 713 716 the the DT 717 722 HIV-2 hiv-2 NN 723 726 tat tat NN 727 729 or or CC 730 736 T-cell t-cell NN 737 747 activators activator NNS 748 751 may may MD 752 758 employ employ VB 759 760 a a DT 761 765 gene gene NN 766 776 activation activation NN 777 784 pathway pathway NN 785 789 with with IN 790 794 some some DT 795 801 common common JJ 802 805 and and CC 806 810 some some DT 811 819 distinct distinct JJ 820 830 components component NNS 830 831 . . . 832 836 Both both CC 837 842 HIV-2 hiv-2 NN 843 846 and and CC 847 850 CMV CMV NNP 851 866 transactivators transactivator NNS 867 874 enhance enhance VBP 875 880 HIV-2 hiv-2 NN 881 885 gene gene NN 886 896 expression expression NN 897 899 by by IN 900 915 transcriptional transcriptional JJ 916 926 activation activation NN 927 936 involving involve VBG 937 947 transcript transcript NN 948 958 initiation initiation NN 959 961 as as RB 962 966 well well RB 967 969 as as IN 970 980 elongation elongation NN 980 981 , , , 982 986 with with IN 987 990 CMV CMV NNP 991 1005 transactivator transactivator NN 1006 1015 affecting affect VBG 1016 1026 elongation elongation NN 1027 1031 more more JJR 1032 1036 than than IN 1037 1040 the the DT 1041 1051 initiation initiation NN 1051 1052 . . . 1053 1054 A a DT 1055 1066 significant significant JJ 1067 1077 proportion proportion NN 1078 1080 of of IN 1081 1092 transcripts transcript NNS 1093 1099 appear appear VBP 1100 1102 to to TO 1103 1112 terminate terminate VB 1113 1124 prematurely prematurely RB 1125 1127 in in IN 1128 1131 the the DT 1132 1139 absence absence NN 1140 1142 of of IN 1143 1158 transactivators transactivator NNS 1158 1159 . . . 1160 1168 Deletion deletion NN 1169 1177 mutation mutation NN 1178 1186 analysis analysis NN 1187 1189 of of IN 1190 1193 the the DT 1194 1199 HIV-2 hiv-2 NN 1200 1204 long long JJ 1205 1213 terminal terminal JJ 1214 1220 repeat repeat NN 1221 1222 ( ( ( 1222 1225 LTR LTR NNP 1225 1226 ) ) ) 1227 1235 suggests suggest VBZ 1236 1240 that that IN 1241 1244 the the DT 1245 1252 element element NN 1253 1257 that that WDT 1258 1266 responds respond VBZ 1267 1269 to to TO 1270 1273 CMV CMV NNP 1274 1289 transactivation transactivation NN 1290 1292 in in IN 1293 1298 human human JJ 1299 1303 CD4+ cd4+ JJ 1304 1315 lymphocytes lymphocyte NNS 1316 1318 is be VBZ 1319 1325 either either CC 1326 1327 a a DT 1328 1335 diffuse diffuse JJ 1336 1339 one one CD 1340 1342 or or CC 1343 1350 located located JJ 1351 1361 downstream downstream RB 1362 1364 of of IN 1365 1368 the the DT 1369 1374 HIV-2 hiv-2 NN 1375 1383 enhancer enhancer NN 1384 1391 element element NN 1391 1392 . . .