[125003080010] |<title>mytop - top like query monitor for MySQL</title>
[125003080020] |mytop is a console-based (non-gui) tool for monitoring the threads and overall performance of a MySQL 3.22.x, 3.23.x, and 4.x server.
[125003080030] |It runs on most Unix systems (including Mac OS X) which have Perl, DBI, and Term::ReadKey installed.
[125003080040] |And with Term::ANSIColor installed you even get color.
[125003080050] |If you install Time::HiRes, you’ll get good real-time queries/second stats.
[125003080060] |<strong>Requirements</strong>
[125003080070] |In order for mytop to function properly, you must have the following:
[125003080080] |* Perl 5.005 or newer
[125003080090] |* Getopt::Long
[125003080100] |* DBI and DBD::mysql
[125003080110] |* Term::ReadKey from CPAN
[125003080120] |<strong>Install mytop in Ubuntu</strong>
[125003080130] |sudo aptitude install mytop
[125003080140] |This will complete the installation
[125003080150] |<strong>Using mytop</strong>
[125003080160] |<strong>mytop Syntax</strong>
[125003080170] |mytop [options]
[125003080180] |<strong>Available Options</strong>
[125003080190] |u or -user username - Username to use when logging in to the MySQL server.
[125003080200] |Default: “root”.
[125003080210] |-p or -pass or -password password -Password to use when logging in to the MySQL server.
[125003080220] |Default: none.
[125003080230] |-h or -host hostname[:port] - Hostname of the MySQL server.
[125003080240] |The hostname may be followed by an option port number.
[125003080250] |Note that the port is specified separate from the host when using a config file.
[125003080260] |Default: “localhost”.
[125003080270] |-port or -P port - If you’re running MySQL on a non-standard port, use this to specify the port number.
[125003080280] |Default: 3306.
[125003080290] |-s or -delay seconds - How long between display refreshes.
[125003080300] |Default: 5
[125003080310] |-d or -db or -database database - Use if you’d like mytop to connect to a specific database by default.
[125003080320] |Default: “test”.
[125003080330] |-b or -batch or -batchmode - In batch mode, mytop runs only once, does not clear the screen, and places no limit on the number of lines it will print.
[125003080340] |This is suitable for running periodically (perhaps from cron) to capture the information into a file for later viewing.
[125003080350] |You might use batch mode in a CGI script to occasionally display your MySQL server status on the web.
[125003080360] |Default: unset.
[125003080370] |-S or -socket /path/to/socket - If you’re running mytop on the same host as MySQL, you may wish to have it use the MySQL socket directly rather than a standard TCP/IP connection.
[125003080380] |If you do,just specify one.
[125003080390] |Note that specifying a socket will make mytop ignore any host and/or port that you might have specified.
[125003080400] |If the socket does not exist (or the file specified is not a socket), this option will be ignored and mytop will use the hostname and port number instead.
[125003080410] |Default: none.
[125003080420] |-header or -noheader - Sepcify if you want the header to display or not.
[125003080430] |You can toggle this with the h key while mytop is running.
[125003080440] |Default: header.
[125003080450] |-color or -nocolor - Specify if you want a color display.
[125003080460] |This has no effect if you don’t have color support available.Default: If you have color support, mytop will try color unless you tell it not to.
[125003080470] |-i or -idle or -noidle - Specify if you want idle (sleeping) threads to appear in the list.
[125003080480] |If sleeping threads are omitted, the default sorting order is reversed so that the longest running queries appear at the top of the list.
[125003080490] |Default: idle.
[125003080500] |Command-line arguments will always take precedence over config file options.
[125003080510] |That happens because the config file is read BEFORE the command-line arguments are applied.
[125003080520] |<strong>mytop Config File</strong>
[125003080530] |Instead of always using bulky command-line parameters, you can also use a config file in your home directory (~/.mytop).
[125003080540] |If present, mytop will read it automatically.
[125003080550] |It is read before any of your command-line arguments are processed, so your command-line arguments will override directives in the config file.
[125003080560] |Here is a sample config file ~/.mytop which implements the defaults described above.
[125003080570] |user=root pass= host=localhost db=test delay=5 port=3306 socket= batchmode=0 header=1 color=1 idle=1
[125003080580] |Using a config file will help to ensure that your database password isn’t visible to users on the command-line.
[125003080590] |Just make sure that the permissions on ~/.mytop are such that others cannot read it (unless you want them to, of course).
[125003080600] |You may have white space on either side of the = in lines of the config file.
[125003080610] |Sample Output look like below
[125003090010] |<title>UFW (Uncomplicated firewall) For Ubuntu Hardy</title>
[125003090020] |Create a tool for host-based iptables firewall configuration.
[125003090030] |This tool should provide an easy to use interface to the user, as well as support package integration and dynamic-detection of open ports.
[125003090040] |<strong>Install UFW in Ubuntu</strong>
[125003090050] |Currently this firewall package is available in Ubuntu 8.04
[125003090060] |sudo apt-get install ufw
[125003090070] |This will complete the installation
[125003090080] |Turn firewall on and off (‘disable’ is default ACCEPT)
[125003090090] |# ufw enable|disable
[125003090100] |Toggle logging
[125003090110] |# ufw logging on|off
[125003090120] |Set the default policy (ie “mostly open” vs “mostly closed”)
[125003090130] |# ufw default allow|deny
[125003090140] |Accept or drop incoming packets to (can see what services are available with ‘status’ (see below)). can be specified via service name in /etc/services, ‘protocol:port’, or via package meta-data. ‘allow’ adds service entry to /etc/ufw/maps and ‘deny’ removes service entry from /etc/ufw/maps.
[125003090150] |Basic syntax:
[125003090160] |# ufw allow|deny [service]
[125003090170] |Display status of firewall and ports in the listening state, referencing /var/lib/ufw/maps.
[125003090180] |Numbers in parenthesis are not displayed to user
[125003090190] |# ufw status
[125003090200] |<strong>UFW Examples</strong>
[125003090210] |Allow port 53
[125003090220] |$ sudo ufw allow 53
[125003090230] |Delete Allow port 53
[125003090240] |$ sudo ufw delete allow 53
[125003090250] |Allow port 80
[125003090260] |$ sudo ufw allow 80/tcp
[125003090270] |Delete Allow port 80
[125003090280] |$ sudo ufw delete allow 80/tcp
[125003090290] |Allow port smtp
[125003090300] |$ sudo ufw allow smtp
[125003090310] |Delete Allow port smtp
[125003090320] |$ sudo ufw delete allow smtp
[125003090330] |Allow fro Particular IP
[125003090340] |$ sudo ufw allow from 192.168.254.254
[125003090350] |Delete the above rule
[125003090360] |$ sudo ufw delete allow from 192.168.254.254
[125003090370] |<strong>GUI Tool for UFW</strong>
[125003090380] |If you want GUI for UFW check this <a>guide</a>
[125003100010] |<title>How to Setup Parallels Virtualization Software in Ubuntu</title>
[125003100020] |Parallels Workstation is empowered by a lightweight hypervisor, a thin layer of software that “works” between the host computer’s hardware and the primary operating system.
[125003100030] |The lightweight hypervisor controls some of the host computer’s hardware resources, which results in dramatically more stable, secure, and higher-performing virtual machines.
[125003100040] |Parallels Workstation sophisticated virtualization engine enables each virtual machine to operate similarly to a physical computer.
[125003100050] |Each virtual machine has its own set of virtual hardware: processor, RAM, floppy, CD and DVD drives, I/O devices, and hard disk.
[125003100060] |See the Virtual Machine Hardware topic for the full list of Parallels virtual machine devices.Intel virtualization technology (VT-x) is fully supported by Parallels Workstation.
[125003100070] |<strong>Parallels Features</strong>
[125003100080] |<li>Easy to Install, Easy to Use</li> 
[125003100090] |Fast to set up, intuitive to use, Workstation is designed from the ground up to make virtualization easy, regardless of your skill level.
[125003100100] |It even includes Parallels Tools, a special toolkit to help you make the most of its advanced features and functions.
[125003100110] |<li>High Performance</li> 
[125003100120] |Run your favorite software at near native speeds!
[125003100130] |Workstation is optimized to take full advantage of hardware virtualization through support of Intel VT and AMD’s Security and Virtual Machine (AMD SVM) for secure, high-performance virtual machines.
[125003100140] |Parallels® Workstation is a powerful, easy-to-use, and cost-effective desktop virtualization solution.
[125003100150] |It enables the user to create completely networked, totally secure independent virtual machines on a single physical computer.
[125003100160] |<li>Flexibility</li> 
[125003100170] |Have the broadest range of x86-based operating systems at your fingertips, including Windows, Linux, FreeBSD, OS/2, eComStation, Solaris, and MS-DOS.
[125003100180] |<li>Strong, Stable Virtual Machines</li> 
[125003100190] |Workstation’s Lightweight Hypervisor gives the virtual machine direct access to the host computer’s hardware, which lets you run Windows, Linux, and more all at the same time in a stable, secure, high-performing environment.
[125003100200] |The inclusion of this trusted, mature technology ensures that virtual PCs built using Parallels Workstation are maximally stable and efficient.
[125003100210] |<li>Easy on the Pocket</li> 
[125003100220] |Get advanced features designed for every user at an unbeatable price.
[125003100230] |Parallels Workstation gets the job done without burning a hole in your pocket.
[125003100240] |<strong>Install Parallels in Ubuntu</strong>
[125003100250] |This is not a free software you can try this software for free but if you want to use you have to buy a license.I am showing here is trial version of software with installation.
[125003100260] |First you have to register on Parallels website from <a>here</a> and get the paralles .deb package and trial activation key.
[125003100270] |Now you should be having the Parallels-2.2.2222-lin.deb package
[125003100280] |Install Parallels-2.2.2222-lin.deb package using the following command
[125003100290] |sudo dpkg -i Parallels-2.2.2222-lin.deb
[125003100300] |Selecting previously deselected package parallels.
[125003100310] |(Reading database …134704 files and directories currently installed.)
[125003100320] |Unpacking parallels (from Parallels-2.2.2222-lin.deb) …Setting up parallels (2.2.2222) …Installation has been completed.
[125003100330] |You must configure Parallels Workstation 2.2.2222. before starting it for the first time.
[125003100340] |Issue “parallels-config” command.
[125003100350] |Now you need to run the following command to configure Paralles
[125003100360] |sudo parallels-config
[125003100370] |This will start asking some simple questions as follows
[125003100380] |<strong>Using Parallels</strong>
[125003100390] |If you want to open parallels Go to Applications--->System Tools--->Parallels
[125003100400] |Parallels welcome screen
[125003100410] |<strong>Creating New Virtual machine</strong>
[125003100420] |In the following screen click Next
[125003100430] |Virtual machine configuration select “Create a Typical VM (recommended)” click Next
[125003100440] |Select you Gusest OS and Guest OS Version click Next
[125003100450] |Virtual Machien Name and Location click Finish
[125003100460] |Creating VM directory click Yes
[125003100470] |Virtual Machine created now you can see as follows
[125003100480] |If you want to change the settings click on edit you can add or change the settings and click ok
[125003100490] |When you start this virtual machine it will prompt for Activation key
[125003100500] |Enter the activation Key we have got when we register with parallels click activate
[125003100510] |Activation Completed
[125003100520] |Now you can start installing your guest OS Vista,Linux,Solaris etc
[125003100530] |<strong>Uninstall Parallels</strong>
[125003100540] |If you want to uninstall parallels use the following command
[125003100550] |sudo dpkg -r Parallels
[125003100560] |Enter the root password when prompted.
[125003110010] |<title>Fix for ValueError: the symlink /usr/bin/python does not point to the python default version</title>
[125003110020] |When i try to install some program which is developed in python i am getting teh following error in Gutsy
[125003110030] |ValueError: the symlink /usr/bin/python does not point to the python default version.
[125003110040] |It must be reset to point to python2.5
[125003110050] |This is because by default Gutsy Gibbon will come with python version 2.5 so we need to downgrade this version to 2.4
[125003110060] |Here’s how to downgrade your default version in gutsy to Python 2.4 without those errors.
[125003110070] |Caution :- This is only work around and after changing this other programs may not work
[125003110080] |If you haven’t already, symlink /usr/bin/python to /usr/bin/python2.4
[125003110090] |sudo ln -s /usr/bin/python2.4 /usr/bin/python
[125003110100] |Edit your /usr/share/python/debian_defaults/ file
[125003110110] |sudo vi /usr/share/python/debian_defaults
[125003110120] |The initial few lines should read
[125003110130] |[DEFAULT] # the default python version default-version = python2.5
[125003110140] |Change the above line to the following
[125003110150] |default-version = python2.4
[125003110160] |Save and exit the file
[125003110170] |Then try to install your application again it should work without any problem
[125003120010] |<title>Policykit - Gaining visibility in the administrative user interfaces</title>
[125003120020] |PolicyKit is an application-level toolkit for defining and handling the policy that allows unprivileged processes to speak to privileged processes: It is a framework for centralizing the decision making process with respect to granting access to privileged operations for unprivileged applications.
[125003120030] |PolicyKit is specifically targeting applications in rich desktop environments on multi-user UNIX-like operating systems.
[125003120040] |It does not imply or rely on any exotic kernel features.
[125003120050] |PolicyKit recognizes users and the objects they want to manipulate through a three-part classification (Subject, Action, Object) that is familiar throughout the security field, whether in the Unix “who-permissions-object” model (”group X has write permission to file Y”)
[125003120060] |With Alpha 3, PolicyKit integration is gaining visibility in the administrative user interfaces.
[125003120070] |PolicyKit makes it possible to run administrative applications as a normal user, and have them get a particular set of extra privileges for certain operations, which allows fine grained control over user permissions and enhances usability, as well as eliminating the security implications of running the whole application as root.
[125003120080] |This feature is included in Ubuntu hardy heron
[125003130010] |<title>System Hardware Information and run Reports</title>
[125003130020] |HardInfo can gather information about your system’s hardware and operating system, perform benchmarks,and generate printable reports either in HTML or in plain text formats.
[125003130030] |Currently it knows about PCI,ISA PnP, USB, IDE, SCSI, Serial and parallel port devices.
[125003130040] |<strong>Install hardinfo in Ubuntu</strong>
[125003130050] |sudo apt-get install hardinfo
[125003130060] |This will complete the installation
[125003130070] |<strong>Using Hardinfo</strong>
[125003130080] |If you want to open hardinfo go to Applications--->System Tools--->Hardinfo
[125003130090] |Once it opens you should see similar to the following screen
[125003130100] |Summary screen
[125003130110] |Operating System Details
[125003130120] |Kernel Modules
[125003130130] |Boot Details
[125003130140] |<strong>Reports</strong>
[125003130150] |If you want to generate report click on Generate Report you should see similar to the following screen
[125003130160] |Sample report
[125003140010] |<title>StartUp Manager - change settings in Grub, Grub2 and Usplash</title>
[125003140020] |StartUp Manager, or SUM, is a gui tool for changing settings in Grub, Grub2 and Usplash.SUM should work with recent versions of Debian and Debian-based distributions such as Ubuntu.
[125003140030] |<strong>StartUp Manager Features</strong>
[125003140040] |<strong>Change </strong>
[125003140050] |Grub timeout Default boot title Number of kernels in bootloader menu Enable/disable boot option for memtest86 Enable/disable boot option for “rescue mode” If the default boot option should be automatically updated Bootup resolution and color depth Grub menu colors Grub menu resolution(Grub2 only) If Splashy should be loaded from initramfs
[125003140060] |<strong>Create </strong>
[125003140070] |Rescue floppy
[125003140080] |<strong>Change visibility of </strong>
[125003140090] |Grub menu Grub menu colors Grub menu background image Splash screen and boot text
[125003140100] |<strong>Password protect </strong>
[125003140110] |Grub menu from editing “Alternate” boot options Old boot options
[125003140120] |<strong>Themes </strong>
[125003140130] |Install/change/remove Grub backgrounds Install/change/remove Usplash themes Install/change/remove Splashy themes Preview Splashy themes
[125003140140] |<strong>Install StartUp Manager in Ubuntu</strong>
[125003140150] |sudo apt-get install startupmanager
[125003140160] |This will complete the installtion
[125003140170] |<strong>Using StartUp Manager</strong>
[125003140180] |If you want to open StartUp Manager go to System--->Administration--->Startup-Manager
[125003140190] |This will prompt for root password enter and click ok
[125003140200] |Once it open you should see similar to the following screen here you can change boot options screen
[125003140210] |If you want to change appearance change on this screen
[125003140220] |Security screen
[125003140230] |Advanced screen
[125003150010] |<title>FileZilla - FTP Client Software</title>
[125003150020] |FileZilla Client is a fast and reliable cross-platform FTP, FTPS and SFTP client with lots of useful features and an intuitive interface.
[125003150030] |<strong>Filezilla Features</strong>
[125003150040] |Easy to use Supports FTP, FTP over SSL/TLS (FTPS) and SSH File Transfer Protocol (SFTP) Cross-platform.
[125003150050] |Runs on Windows, Linux, *BSD, OSX and more Available in many languages Supports resume and transfer of large files >4GB Powerful Site Manager and transfer queue Drag  drop support Configurable Speed limits Filename filters Network configuration wizard
[125003150060] |<strong>Install Filezilla in Ubuntu</strong>
[125003150070] |sudo aptitude install filezilla
[125003150080] |This will complete the installation
[125003150090] |<strong>Using Filezilla</strong>
[125003150100] |If you want to open filezilla go to Applications--->Internet--->FileZilla
[125003150110] |Once it opens you should see similar to the following screen here you can enter your ftp server username,password and port number to connect
[125003150120] |Filezilla version details
[125003160010] |<title>Free POP3 and SMTP access to Yahoo! Mail using YPOPS! in Ubuntu</title>
[125003160020] |YPOPs! is an application that provides POP3 and SMTP access to Yahoo! Mail.
[125003160030] |This application is more like a gateway.
[125003160040] |It provides a POP3 server interface at o­ne end to talk to email clients and an HTTP client (browser) interface at the other which allows it to talk to Yahoo! The same concept holds good for SMTP as well.It works with all know email clients like Outlook, Thunderbird, Evolution, Eudora etc.
[125003160050] |<strong>Install YPOPs! for Ubuntu</strong>
[125003160060] |First you need to add the following line to source list file by editing the /etc/apt/sources.list file
[125003160070] |$sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
[125003160080] |Add the following line
[125003160090] |deb http://tskariah.000webhost.com/ubuntu ubuntu main
[125003160100] |Save and exit the file
[125003160110] |Add the PGP public key for the new repository
[125003160120] |$ wget http://tskariah.000webhost.com/t_skariah.asc.gpg
[125003160130] |$ sudo apt-key add t_skariah.gpg
[125003160140] |Update the source list
[125003160150] |$ sudo apt-get update
[125003160160] |<strong>Install YPOPs!</strong>
[125003160170] |$ sudo aptitude install ypops
[125003160180] |Re configure YPOPs! for Ubuntu
[125003160190] |$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure -fgnome ypops
[125003160200] |Other front-ends could be “dialog” (default), or “web”.
[125003160210] |The old /etc/ypops.ini would be saved as /etc/ypops.ini.bak
[125003160220] |A dialog will popup with help for every option available .
[125003160230] |<strong>Configuration note</strong>
[125003160240] |- Don’t check the ‘Add a new account’ in the first step unless you have multiple yahoo accounts.
[125003160250] |- If you’re installing YPOPs! on a LAN computer that acts as a router, replace the bind address 127.0.0.1 with the LAN address reachable by the other network PCs (192.168.1.1 or 10.10.0.1 for example).
[125003160260] |How to start YPOPs! for Ubuntu manually
[125003160270] |$ sudo /etc/init.d/ypops start
[125003160280] |How to stop YPOPs! for Ubuntu manually:
[125003160290] |$ sudo /etc/init.d/ypops stop
[125003160300] |How to automatically start YPOPs! for Ubuntu at bootup
[125003160310] |Use the configuration wizard.
[125003160320] |How to remove YPOPs! for Ubuntu:
[125003160330] |$ sudo apt-get remove ypops
[125003160340] |Directory structure:
[125003160350] |/etc/init.d/ypops - init script /etc/ypops.ini - config file /usr/bin/ypops - executable file /var/log/ypops/ - log directory /var/run/ypops.pid - pid file
[125003160360] |WARNING: The log directory is readable by all.
[125003160370] |If the log-level is set to Advanced, YPOPs! would dump all the HTML pages there, which might contian private information.
[125003160380] |<strong>Configuring Email Client (Mozilla Thunderbird)</strong>
[125003160390] |If you want to configure Mozilla Thunderbird to access your yahoo email use the following steps
[125003160400] |Click Tools-> Account Settings
[125003160410] |Click Add Account button.
[125003160420] |Choose Email account.
[125003160430] |Click Next
[125003160440] |Type name and email address in the boxes.
[125003160450] |Click Next
[125003160460] |Choose POP and type ‘localhost’ as the incoming server.
[125003160470] |Depending on your preferences check or uncheck Use Global Inbox
[125003160480] |Click Next.
[125003160490] |If your username is not already there by default, add it.
[125003160500] |Click Next.
[125003160510] |Add the way you want your Account Name to look in Thunderbird.
[125003160520] |Click Finish.
[125003160530] |Now scroll down to the bottom of the Account Settings pane and click on Outgoing server (SMTP).
[125003160540] |Click on Advanced.
[125003160550] |Click on Add.
[125003160560] |Type 127.0.0.1 as the outgoing mail server.
[125003160570] |Port default is 25.
[125003160580] |Check Use name and password.
[125003160590] |This is Thunderbird’s way of enabling authentication.
[125003160600] |Type your Yahoo user name as username@yahoo.com.
[125003160610] |Click No to Use secure connection and then OK twice.
[125003160620] |Click OK to the Server Settings window.
[125003160630] |Now get back into Account Settings
[125003160640] |Go back to the Server Settings of you Yahoo Account in the Account Settings pane.
[125003160650] |Do not check Use secure connection (SSL) or Use secure authentication.
[125003160660] |Click on Advanced.
[125003160670] |Choose where you want your emails to go in the POP tab.
[125003160680] |Click on the SMTP tab and click on the drop down menu and select 127.0.0.1:25
[125003160690] |Continue modifying any of your preferences in the account and then click on OK.
[125003160700] |The first time you try to access the account, Mozilla will ask for a password and if you want Mozilla to remember the password.
[125003170010] |<title>Creating Custom Ubuntu Live-CD With Remastersys</title>
[125003170020] |Remastersys is a tool that can be used to do 2 things with an existing Klikit or Ubuntu or derivative installation.It can make a full system backup including personal data to a live cd or dvd that you can use anywhere and install.
[125003170030] |It can make a distributable copy you can share with friends.
[125003170040] |This will not have any of your personal user data in it.
[125003170050] |<strong>Install Remastersys in Ubuntu</strong>
[125003170060] |The Remastersys repository needs to be added to your /etc/apt/sources.list
[125003170070] |sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list
[125003170080] |Paste the following into the sources.list:
[125003170090] |# Remastersys deb http://www.remastersys.klikit-linux.com/repository remastersys/
[125003170100] |Save and exit the file.
[125003170110] |Update the source list using the following command
[125003170120] |sudo apt-get update
[125003170130] |Install remastersys using the following command
[125003170140] |sudo apt-get install remastersys
[125003170150] |This will complete the installation
[125003170160] |<strong>Using Remastersys</strong>
[125003170170] |In order to learn how you can use remastersys, run
[125003170180] |sudo remastersys
[125003170190] |<strong>remastersys Syntax</strong>
[125003170200] |sudo remastersys backup|clean|dist [cdfs|iso] [filename.iso]
[125003170210] |<strong>remastersys Examples</strong>
[125003170220] |1) to make a livecd/dvd backup of your system
[125003170230] |sudo remastersys backup
[125003170240] |2) to make a livecd/dvd backup and call the iso custom.iso
[125003170250] |sudo remastersys backup custom.iso
[125003170260] |3) to clean up temporary files of remastersys
[125003170270] |sudo remastersys clean
[125003170280] |4) to make a distributable livecd/dvd of your system
[125003170290] |sudo remastersys dist
[125003170300] |5) to make a distributable livecd/dvd filesystem only
[125003170310] |sudo remastersys dist cdfs
[125003170320] |6) to make a distributable iso named custom.iso but only if the cdfs is already present
[125003170330] |sudo remastersys dist iso custom.iso
[125003170340] |cdfs and iso options should only be used if you wish to modify something on the cd before the iso is created.
[125003170350] |An example of this would be to modify the isolinux portion of the livecd/dvd
[125003170360] |<strong>Creating An ISO Image </strong>
[125003170370] |To create an iso image of your installation, simply run
[125003170380] |sudo remastersys dist
[125003170390] |This will create an iso image called customdist.iso in the /home/remastersys directory.
[125003170400] |The dist option makes that your personal folder (e.g. /home/ruchi) will not be included in the iso image.
[125003170410] |You might have to insert your Ubuntu installation CD during the process.
[125003170420] |This is how the end of the process looks:
[125003170430] |[...]
[125003170440] |92.16% done, estimate finish Wed DEC 28 15:31:25 2007 93.39% done, estimate finish Wed DEC 28 15:31:25 2007 94.62% done, estimate finish Wed DEC 28 15:31:24 2007 95.85% done, estimate finish Wed DEC 28 15:31:24 2007 97.08% done, estimate finish Wed DEC 28 15:31:25 2007 98.31% done, estimate finish Wed DEC 28 15:31:25 2007 99.54% done, estimate finish Wed DEC 28 15:31:25 2007 Total translation table size: 2048 Total rockridge attributes bytes: 3950 Total directory bytes: 9094 Path table size(bytes): 54 Max brk space used 0 406890 extents written (794 MB)
[125003170450] |/home/remastersys/customdist.iso is ready to be burned or tested in a virtual machine.
[125003170460] |Check the size and if it is larger than 700MB you will need to burn it to a dvd
[125003170470] |796M /home/remastersys/customdist.iso
[125003170480] |<strong>Clean Up</strong>
[125003170490] |After you’ve burnt the iso image onto a CD/DVD, you can run
[125003170500] |sudo remastersys clean
[125003170510] |to remove all temporary file created during the iso generation as well as the /home/remastersys directory.
[125003180010] |<title>netspeed - Traffic monitor applet for GNOME</title>
[125003180020] |Traffic monitor applet for GNOME.Netspeed is an applet that shows how much traffic occurs on a specified network device (ethernet card, wireless LAN card, or dial-up).
[125003180030] |<strong>Install netspeed in Ubuntu</strong>
[125003180040] |sudo aptitude install netspeed
[125003180050] |This will complete the installation.
[125003180060] |<strong>Configuring Netspeed</strong>
[125003180070] |If you want to add netspeed to to your desktop.Right click on the free area of the upper panel and select “Add to Panel”.
[125003180080] |Once it opens you should see similar to the following screen here you need to select Add “System Monitor” and “Network Monitor” and click on add
[125003180090] |If you want to configure system monitor select System Monitor and right click select preferences
[125003180100] |Here you can select which options you want to disply
[125003180110] |Sample System Monitor Screenshot
[125003180120] |If you want to configure Network Monitor select System Monitor and right click select preferences
[125003180130] |Network device sample configuration
[125003190010] |<title>Ubuntu Next version name Intrepid Ibex with version number 8.10</title>
[125003190020] |With Hardy now past feature-freeze it’s time to start to plan features that are being lined up for inclusion after Ubuntu 8.04 LTS is released in April.
[125003190030] |And so I’d like to introduce you to the Intrepid Ibex, the release which is planned for October 2008, and which is likely to have the version number 8.10.
[125003190040] |During the 8.10 cycle we will be venturing into interesting new territory, and we’ll need the rugged adventurousness of a mountain goat to navigate tricky terrain.
[125003190050] |Our desktop offering will once again be a focal point as we re-engineer the user interaction model so that Ubuntu works as well on a high-end workstation as it does on a feisty little subnotebook.
[125003190060] |We’ll also be reaching new peaks of performance - aiming to make the mobile desktop as productive as possible.
[125003190070] |A particular focus for us will be pervasive internet access, the ability to tap into bandwidth whenever and wherever you happen to be.
[125003190080] |No longer will you need to be a tethered, domesticated animal -you’ll be able to roam (and goats do roam!) the wild lands and access the web through a variety of wireless technologies.
[125003190090] |We want you to be able to move from the office, to the train, and home,staying connected all the way.
[125003190100] |The Intrepid Ibex will take shape at our next Ubuntu Developer Summit, an open event to which members of the Ubuntu community,upstream communities, corporate developers and other distributions are all invited.
[125003190110] |That summit takes place in beautiful Prague, in the Czech Republic from 19th - 23rd May 2008.
[125003190120] |Check <a>here</a> complete ubuntu list message from mark.
[125003200010] |<title>How to install Nvidia drivers in Ubuntu Feisty or later versions</title>
[125003200020] |If you want to install Nvidia drivers in Ubuntu Feisty and above versions is very easy to install.Ubuntu doesn’t include Nvidia drivers in a default installation for a number of reasons.
[125003200030] |First you need to make sure you have nvidia disply card go to System---> Administration--- >Restricted Drivers Manager
[125003200040] |Now you should see similar to the following screen here you need to Check the box to enable the drivers
[125003200050] |Enable Nvidia drivers popup here you need to select Enable Driver
[125003200060] |Downloading the nvidia drivers in progress
[125003200070] |Installing the software in progress
[125003200080] |Nvidia Drivers installation completed.Now you need to reboot your machine to start using your nvidia drivers.
[125003210010] |<title>Howto Convert PDF files to HTML files</title>
[125003210020] |Translates pdf documents into html format.Translates pdf files into HTML or XML formats, combined with png images.
[125003210030] |Supports encrypted pdf files.There is a program called pdftohtml to convert pdf to html file.In ubuntu gutsy this package in bundled with poppler-utils so we need to install this package.
[125003210040] |<strong>Install poppler-utils in Ubuntu</strong>
[125003210050] |sudo aptitude install poppler-utils
[125003210060] |This will complete the installation
[125003210070] |<strong>Using pdftohtml</strong>
[125003210080] |<strong>pdftohtml Syntax</strong>
[125003210090] |pdftohtml [options] [pdf file] [html file] <strong>Available options</strong>
[125003210100] |A summary of options are included below.
[125003210110] |-h, -help - Show summary of options.
[125003210120] |-f - first page to print
[125003210130] |-l - last page to print
[125003210140] |-q - don’t print any messages or errors
[125003210150] |-v - print copyright and version info
[125003210160] |-p - exchange .pdf links with .html
[125003210170] |-c - generate complex output
[125003210180] |-i - ignore images
[125003210190] |-noframes - generate no frames.
[125003210200] |Not supported in complex output mode.
[125003210210] |-stdout - use standard output
[125003210220] |-zoom - zoom the pdf document (default 1.5)
[125003210230] |-xml - output for XML post-processing
[125003210240] |-enc - output text encoding name
[125003210250] |-opw - owner password (for encrypted files)
[125003210260] |-upw - user password (for encrypted files)
[125003210270] |-hidden - force hidden text extraction
[125003210280] |-dev - output device name for Ghostscript (png16m, jpeg etc)
[125003210290] |-nomerge - do not merge paragraphs
[125003210300] |-nodrm - override document DRM settings
[125003210310] |<strong>pdftohtml Examples</strong>
[125003210320] |pdftohtml test.pdf test.html
[125003210330] |This command gives you a simple HTML file suitable for reading or copying the textual content of the PDF file.
[125003210340] |You can actually grab the text from your browser and paste it into other applications.
[125003210350] |It doesn’t produce any PNG files, so you won’t be able to see any embedded graphics.
[125003210360] |It’s a great utility if you just want to extract the text from an Adobe file.
[125003210370] |If you want to see graphics, you’ll need to use the -c (as in “complex”) option:
[125003210380] |pdftohtml -c test.pdf test.html
[125003210390] |This option produces individual HTML files, one for each page of the PDF file, with the PNG references mixed in.
[125003210400] |The graphics in the original PDF file show up in a browser and the text part can be cut and pasted.
[125003210410] |The total size of the HTML and PNG files generated with the -c option tend to be roughly equivalent to that of the original PDF.
[125003220010] |<title>How to change apache2 default charset in Ubuntu</title>
[125003220020] |If you want to change the apache2 default charset in Ubuntu try this procedure
[125003220030] |You need to edit this file /etc/apache2/conf.d/charset
[125003220040] |sudo gedit /etc/apache2/conf.d/charset
[125003220050] |next you should change the line
[125003220060] |#AddDefaultCharset ISO-8859-1
[125003220070] |to
[125003220080] |AddDefaultCharset {YOUR_DEFAULT_CHARSET | Example: UTF-8}
[125003220090] |save and exit the file
[125003220100] |Now you need to restart the apache server using the following command
[125003220110] |sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
[125003230010] |<title>Howto install gOS on Ubuntu/Kubuntu/Xubuntu</title>
[125003230020] |The gOS distribution is based on the Ubuntu 7.10 distribution.
[125003230030] |It uses the Enlightenment 17 window manager instead of the usual GNOME or KDE desktops, allowing for lower memory and speed requirements.
[125003230040] |Therefore gOS starts to work reasonably well on systems as low end as a 1GHz Pentium III with 256MB RAM.
[125003230050] |Due to the fact it leans heavy on on-line applications built on Web 2.0 and AJAX technology it also does not use much hard disk space for applications, the whole system fits comfortably in less than 2 GB of hard disk space.
[125003230060] |Open your sources.list file add the gOS Repositories
[125003230070] |<strong>For Ubuntu Users</strong>
[125003230080] |gksu gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
[125003230090] |<strong>For Kubuntu Users</strong>
[125003230100] |kdesu kate /etc/apt/sources.list
[125003230110] |<strong>For Xubuntu Users</strong>
[125003230120] |gksu mousepad /etc/apt/sources.list
[125003230130] |Enter these lines
[125003230140] |# gOS Repositories
[125003230150] |deb http://packages.thinkgos.com/gos/ painful main deb-src http://packages.thinkgos.com/gos/ painful main
[125003230160] |<strong>Import the key</strong>
[125003230170] |wget http://www.thinkgos.com/files/gos_repo_key.asc
[125003230180] |sudo apt-key add gos_repo_key.asc
[125003230190] |rm gos_repo_key.asc
[125003230200] |sudo aptitude update
[125003230210] |<strong>Install gOS on Ubuntu</strong>
[125003230220] |sudo aptitude install greenos-desktop xorg
[125003230230] |<strong>Remove gOS on Ubuntu</strong>
[125003230240] |The following will then remove the entire Environment for you.
[125003230250] |sudo aptitude remove greenos-desktop
[125003230260] |The Environment will be available from the Sessions menu The <a>N10-003</a> professionals usually advise the route of <a>70-431</a> followed by either <a>350-030</a> or the simpler <a>640-822</a>.
[125003230270] |Very rarely a candidate from <a>642-642</a> has been able to make it.
[125003240010] |<title>Working with Songbird and wma files</title>
[125003240020] |If you want to work with songbird and wma files here is the simple tip how to work together
[125003240030] |First, open up a terminal and go to the Songbird chrome directory
[125003240040] |cd /opt/Songbird/chrome
[125003240050] |Next, we need to edit a file from the songbird.jar file, so we will need to open that up
[125003240060] |sudo file-roller songbird.jar
[125003240070] |Now, open the content folder, followed by the songbird then scripts folder, find the file called coreGStreamerSimple.js and drag that to your desktop, leave archive manager open as we are going to add to it in a moment.
[125003240080] |Open it up in your favorite editor, now we are going to add wma support to the “mediaUrlExtensions” section.
[125003240090] |It should look like this:
[125003240100] |this._mediaUrlExtensions = ["mp3", "ogg", "flac", "mpc", "wav", "m4a", "m4v", "wmv", "asf", "avi", "mov", "mpg", "mp4", "ogm", "mp2", "mka", "mkv", "wma"];
[125003240110] |Save the file, and drag that back over to the archive manager/songbird.jar file. close it,now open songbird and add your favorite wma files
[125003250010] |<title>How to Create a custom keyboard shortcut in Ubuntu</title>
[125003250020] |xbindkeys is a program that allows you to launch shell commands with your keyboard or your mouse under X Window.
[125003250030] |It links commands to keys or mouse buttons, using a configuration file.
[125003250040] |It’s independent of the window manager and can capture all keyboard keys (ex: Power, Wake…).
[125003250050] |xbindkeys-config-An easy to use gtk program for configuring Xbindkeys.GTK Configure program for xbindkeys.
[125003250060] |If you want to create custom keyboard shortcut it is very easy to create
[125003250070] |First you need to install xbindkeys using the following
[125003250080] |sudo apt-get install xbindkeys
[125003250090] |Install xbindkeys-config, it’s a GTK frontend for xbindkeys so it’ easy to configure xbindkeys with that.
[125003250100] |sudo apt-get install xbindkeys-config
[125003250110] |<strong>Configuration</strong>
[125003250120] |Launch xbindkeys
[125003250130] |xbindkeys
[125003250140] |Then launch the GUI to configure custom keyboard shortcut in Ubuntu
[125003250150] |xbindkeys-config
[125003260010] |<title>Simple Ubuntu Desktop Backup with Backerupper</title>
[125003260020] |Backerupper is a simple GUI utility program to make scheduled backups of specified directories over a network.
[125003260030] |It is not intended for full system backup, but just to make archive copies of a user’s personal data.
[125003260040] |<strong>Backerupper Features </strong>
[125003260050] |Easy configuration of directories and files that should be backed-up
[125003260060] |Easy configuration of directories and files that shouldn’t be backed-up
[125003260070] |Monthly full backup
[125003260080] |Daily incremental backups
[125003260090] |Can have an unlimited number of backup configuration setups
[125003260100] |Uses the common zip program to create the backup files (optionally uses bzip2)
[125003260110] |Can use the zip update feature to maintain a single incremental file for the month
[125003260120] |<strong>Install Backerupper in Ubuntu</strong>
[125003260130] |First you need to download the Backerupper using the following command or from <a>here</a>
[125003260140] |wget http://surfnet.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/backerupper/backerupper-0.24-32.tar.gz
[125003260150] |Now we have backerupper-0.24-32.tar.gz file extract this using the following command
[125003260160] |tar xzvf backerupper-0.24-32.tar.gz
[125003260170] |Now you have backerupper-0.24-32
[125003260180] |It doesn’t have to be installed - it can be run from the directory where you extracted the archive - but if you wish to install it follow these instructions.
[125003260190] |cd backerupper-0.24-32
[125003260200] |sudo ./install.sh
[125003260210] |this will complete the installation.
[125003260220] |After installation, any user can run the program by typing ‘backer’.
[125003260230] |When the main window is closed, backerupper continues to run in the background, with an icon in the system tray to give access to its functions.
[125003260240] |Type the following command to open backerupper
[125003260250] |backer
[125003260260] |Once it opens you should see similar to the following screen here you need to click on “New” to create a new profile
[125003260270] |Here you need to enter the profile name,source,destination directories for backup and time
[125003260280] |Once you are ready you should see similar to the following screen
[125003260290] |<strong>Restoring backup</strong>
[125003260300] |If you want to restore some data you can click on restore option select the archive and click on restore
[125003270010] |<title>Get Ubuntu System facts with facter</title>
[125003270020] |a library for retrieving facts from operating systems.A cross-platform Ruby library for retrieving facts from operating systems.
[125003270030] |Supports multiple resolution mechanisms, any of which can be restricted to working only on certain operating systems or environments.
[125003270040] |Facter is especially useful for retrieving things like operating system names, IP addresses, MAC addresses, and SSH keys.
[125003270050] |It is easy to extend Facter to include your own custom facts or to include additional mechanisms for retrieving facts.
[125003270060] |<strong>Install facter in Ubuntu</strong>
[125003270070] |sudo apt-get install facter
[125003270080] |This will complete the installation.
[125003270090] |<strong>Using facter</strong>
[125003270100] |factor syntax
[125003270110] |factor OPTION
[125003270120] |If you want to view your system facts just type the following command from your terminal
[125003270130] |facter
[125003270140] |Output looks like below
[125003280010] |<title>Howto Install Clam AntiVirus with GTK frontend GUI</title>
[125003280020] |Clam AntiVirus is an open source (GPL) anti-virus toolkit for UNIX, designed especially for e-mail scanning on mail gateways.
[125003280030] |It provides a number of utilities including a flexible and scalable multi-threaded daemon, a command line scanner and advanced tool for automatic database updates.
[125003280040] |The core of the package is an anti-virus engine available in a form of shared library.
[125003280050] |<strong>Clam AntiVirus main features </strong>
[125003280060] |command-line scanner fast, multi-threaded daemon with support for on-access scanning milter interface for sendmail advanced database updater with support for scripted updates and digital signatures virus scanner C library on-access scanning (Linux® and FreeBSD®) virus database updated multiple times per day (see home page for total number of signatures) built-in support for various archive formats, including Zip, RAR, Tar, Gzip, Bzip2, OLE2, Cabinet, CHM, BinHex, SIS and others built-in support for almost all mail file formats built-in support for ELF executables and Portable Executable files compressed with UPX, FSG, Petite, NsPack, wwpack32, MEW, Upack and obfuscated with SUE, Y0da Cryptor and others built-in support for popular document formats including MS Office and MacOffice files, HTML, RTF and PDF
[125003280070] |<strong>Install clamav in ubuntu</strong>
[125003280080] |sudo aptitude install clamav clamav-daemon clamav-freshclam
[125003280090] |This will complete the basic scanner installation.
[125003280100] |<strong>GTK frontend for the Clam AntiVirus scanner </strong>
[125003280110] |If you want to install GTK frontend for the Clam AntiVirus scanner in ubuntu you can install <strong>avscan or clamtk</strong>
[125003280120] |This example i am installing clamTK
[125003280130] |Download clamtk using the following command
[125003280140] |wget http://puzzle.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/clamtk/clamtk_3.05-1_all.deb
[125003280150] |Now you need to install clamtk .deb package using the following command
[125003280160] |sudo dpkg -i clamtk_3.05-1_all.deb
[125003280170] |If you get any problems use the following command
[125003280180] |sudo apt-get -f install
[125003280190] |This will complete the installation
[125003280200] |If you want to open clamtk go to Applications--->Accessories--->Virus Scanner
[125003280210] |Once it opens you should see similar to the following screen
[125003280220] |If you want to scan your system go to File option from the menu and select which option you want
[125003280230] |Virus scanning in progress
[125003280240] |If you want to update virus signatures go to Help--->Update Signatures
[125003280250] |Clamtk version details
[125003280260] |If you want to install avscan use the following command this is another GUI for clamav
[125003280270] |sudo apt-get install avscan
[125003290010] |<title>scponly - limited shell for secure file transfers</title>
[125003290020] |scponly is an alternative ‘shell’ (of sorts) for system administrators who would like to provide access to remote users to both read and write local files without providing any remote execution privileges.
[125003290030] |Functionally, it is best described as a wrapper to the tried and true ssh suite of applications.
[125003290040] |A typical usage of scponly is in creating a semi-public account not unlike the concept of anonymous login for ftp.
[125003290050] |This allows an administrator to share files in the same way an anon ftp setup would, only employing all the protection that ssh provides.
[125003290060] |This is especially significant if you consider that ftp authentications traverse public networks in a plain text format.
[125003290070] |<strong>Install scponly in ubuntu</strong>
[125003290080] |sudo aptitude install scponly
[125003290090] |This will complete the instalaltion.
[125003290100] |<strong>Configuring scponly</strong>
[125003290110] |Edit the /etc/shells command to include the scponly shell, which in my testing was installed to /usr/bin.
[125003290120] |You can simply append /usr/bin/scponly to the end of /etc/shells.
[125003290130] |At this point, you should be able to create a user and set the user’s shell to scponly.
[125003290140] |This will allow the user to use an SCP/SFTP client to transfer files, but it will not allow interactive shell access.
[125003290150] |<strong>Chroot SFTP</strong>
[125003290160] |Reconfigure the scponly package so that scponlyc (the chroot version) is activated
[125003290170] |sudo dpkg-reconfigure -plow scponly
[125003290180] |Answer “Yes”.
[125003290190] |Now setup the chroot scponly user using the setup_chroot script included to do it.
[125003290200] |It can’t be an existing user, and don’t create him with adduser.
[125003290210] |He will be created by the setup_chroot script
[125003290220] |cd /usr/share/doc/scponly/setup_chroot sudo gunzip setup_chroot.sh.gz sudo chmod +x setup_chroot.sh sudo ./setup_chroot.sh
[125003290230] |To make this simpler, lets accept the default answers (scponly for username and home folder).
[125003290240] |At the end, create the password of scponly user.
[125003290250] |Scponlyc has a “bug” and don’t work out of the box.to fix this bug You have to create /dev/null in scponly chroot home folder. the right way to do this is
[125003290260] |sudo -i
[125003290270] |cd /home/scponly
[125003290280] |mkdir /home/scponly/dev
[125003290290] |mknod -m 666 /home/scponly/dev/null c 1 3
[125003290300] |exitNow test it from the remote computer
[125003290310] |sftp scponly@server
[125003290320] |If you login, it worked.
[125003300010] |<title>mtr - Full screen ncurses and X11 traceroute tool</title>
[125003300020] |Full screen ncurses and X11 traceroute tool.mtr combines the functionality of the ‘traceroute’ and ‘ping’ programs in a single network diagnostic tool.
[125003300030] |As mtr starts, it investigates the network connection between the host mtr runs on and a user-specified destination host.
[125003300040] |After it determines the address of each network hop between the machines, it sends a sequence ICMP ECHO requests to each one to determine the quality of the link to each machine.
[125003300050] |As it does this, it prints running statistics about each machine.
[125003300060] |<strong>Install mtr in ubuntu</strong>
[125003300070] |sudo aptitude install mtr
[125003300080] |This will comple ethe installation
[125003300090] |<strong>Using mtr</strong>
[125003300100] |I am just want to see www.ubuntugeek.com path so i used the following command
[125003300110] |mtr www.ubuntugeek.com
[125003300120] |Output looks like below
[125003310010] |<title>slurm - Realtime network interface monitor</title>
[125003310020] |slurm started as a pppstatus port to FreeBSD.
[125003310030] |As I ripped off several functions here is an overview of the features:
[125003310040] |* realtime traffic statistics divided into incoming and outgoing
[125003310050] |* optional combined view
[125003310060] |* can monitor any kind of network interface (testers welcome!)
[125003310070] |* shows detailed statistics about the interface.
[125003310080] |* it’s themeable (since 0.3.0)
[125003310090] |* contact me if you need anything else.
[125003310100] |<strong>Install slurm in Ubuntu</strong>
[125003310110] |sudo aptitude install slurm
[125003310120] |This will complete the installation.
[125003310130] |<strong>Slurm Syntax</strong>
[125003310140] |slurm [-hHz] [-csl] [-d delay] -i interface
[125003310150] |If you want to monitor the eth0 network interface use the following command
[125003310160] |slurm -i eth0
[125003310170] |Output looks similar to the following screen
[125003320010] |<title>Dstat - Versatile resource statistics tool</title>
[125003320020] |Dstat is a versatile replacement for vmstat, iostat, netstat, nfsstat and ifstat.
[125003320030] |Dstat overcomes some of their limitations and adds some extra features, more counters and flexibility.
[125003320040] |Dstat is handy for monitoring systems during performance tuning tests, benchmarks or troubleshooting.
[125003320050] |Dstat allows you to view all of your system resources instantly, you can eg. compare disk usage in combination with interrupts from your IDE controller, or compare the network bandwidth numbers directly with the disk throughput (in the same interval).
[125003320060] |<strong>Dstat Features</strong>
[125003320070] |* Combines vmstat, iostat, ifstat, netstat information and more
[125003320080] |* Shows stats in exactly the same timeframe
[125003320090] |* Enable/order counters as they make most sense during analysis/troubleshooting
[125003320100] |* Modular design
[125003320110] |* Written in python so easily extendable for the task at hand
[125003320120] |* Easy to extend, add your own counters (please contribute those)
[125003320130] |* Includes about 10 external plugins to show how easy it is to add counters
[125003320140] |* Can summarize grouped block/network devices and give total numbers
[125003320150] |* Can show interrupts per device
[125003320160] |* Very accurate timeframes, no timeshifts when system is stressed
[125003320170] |* Shows exact units and limits conversion mistakes
[125003320180] |* Indicate different units with different colors
[125003320190] |* Show intermediate results when delay >1
[125003320200] |* Allows to export CSV output, which can be imported in Gnumeric and Excel to make graphs
[125003320210] |<strong>Dstat External plugins</strong>
[125003320220] |Here are the existing plugins
[125003320230] |* dstat_app - the most expensive process on the system
[125003320240] |* dstat_battery - the percentage of battery charge (needs ACPI)
[125003320250] |* dstat_cpufreq - the CPU frequency (needs ACPI)
[125003320260] |* dstat_dbus - the number of dbus connections (needs python-dbus)
[125003320270] |* dstat_freespace - see the disk usage per partition
[125003320280] |* dstat_gpfs - the GPFS read/write IO
[125003320290] |* dstat_gpfsop - the GPFS filesystem operations
[125003320300] |* dstat_nfs3 - the NFS v3 client operations
[125003320310] |* dstat_nfs3op - the extended NFS v3 client operations
[125003320320] |* dstat_nfsd3 - the NFS v3 server operations
[125003320330] |* dstat_nfsd3op - the extended NFS v3 server operations
[125003320340] |* dstat_postfix - counters of the differnt queues (needs postfix)
[125003320350] |* dstat_rpc - RPC client calls
[125003320360] |* dstat_rpcd - RPC server calls
[125003320370] |* dstat_sendmail - counters of the queue (needs sendmail)
[125003320380] |* dstat_thermal - CPU temperature
[125003320390] |* dstat_utmp - number of utmp sessions (needs python-utmp)
[125003320400] |* dstat_wifi - wireless link quality and signal/noise ratio (needs python-wifi)
[125003320410] |<strong>Install Dstat in Ubuntu</strong>
[125003320420] |sudo aptitude install dstat
[125003320430] |This will complete the installation.
[125003320440] |<strong>dstat Syntax</strong>
[125003320450] |dstat [-afv] [-cdgilmnpsty] [-D..] [-I..] [-N..] [delay [count]]
[125003320460] |If you want to use dstat just use the following command
[125003320470] |dstat
[125003320480] |Output looks similar to the following screen
[125003320490] |<strong>Dstat Examples</strong>
[125003320500] |Using dstat to relate disk-throughput with network-usage (eth0), total CPU-usage and system counters:
[125003320510] |dstat -dnyc -N eth0 -C total -f 5
[125003320520] |Checking dstat’s behaviour and the system’s impact on dstat:
[125003320530] |<code>dstat -taf --debug</code>
[125003320540] |Using the time plugin together with cpu, net, disk, system, load, proc and topcpu plugins:
[125003320550] |dstat -tcndylp -M topcpu
[125003320560] |this is identical to
[125003320570] |dstat -M time,cpu,net,disk,sys,load,proc,topcpu
[125003320580] |Using dstat to relate cpu stats with interrupts per device:
[125003320590] |dstat -tcyif
[125003330010] |<title>Application/Software Management in Ubuntu</title>
[125003330020] |If you are just new to Ubuntu and have come from Windows where you got most updates by visiting the various vendors or each application doing it separately you are in for a jolt!
[125003330030] |Updating your complete Ubuntu system including all the software is as simple as running the update manager.
[125003330040] |In this simple how-to you will learn how easy it is to install in various different ways and remove software as well .
[125003330050] |<strong>Keeping your Ubuntu System up to Date</strong>
[125003330060] |Although you can use synaptic to install your updates, there is a dedicated tool provided by Ubuntu in the name and form of the “Update Manager” (located in System, Administration, Update Manager).
[125003330070] |It is very simple to use, once you start it it will auto download the list of updates available for your software. and shows them all neatly checked in a list.
[125003330080] |If your list is a bit old (it’s checked each day) you can make Ubuntu check for new updates by hitting “Check” and your list will be brought up to date.
[125003330090] |If you are curious and want to know a little bit more about the update(s) click “Show Details”.
[125003330100] |Ubuntu checks for updates daily as mentioned above and notifies you when updates that are important come up.
[125003330110] |Run update manager by yourself once in a while as well.
[125003330120] |<strong>Using Add/ Remove to manage software</strong>
[125003330130] |This is basically a graphical software manager tool.
[125003330140] |It is in the applications menu under the name of ‘Add/ Remove” even though it is actually an application itself name “gnome-app-install”.
[125003330150] |It allows you to select (or de-select) various packages all neatly arranged for you under different categories.
[125003330160] |When you launch Add/ Remove you are not prompted for a password; this is only needed when you have chosen your options and hit “Apply Changes”.
[125003330170] |Along the left side you should see the list of categories which the different applications will fall into.
[125003330180] |At the top, the “All” category will be selected by default.
[125003330190] |It lists every package that can be installed.
[125003330200] |The right side of the window is split in two with the upper section providing the application list and the lower one providing the selected application’s details.
[125003330210] |Just above the application list are the search and filter tools.
[125003330220] |The default filter will be set to ‘Supported Ubuntu Applications” You can change that if you would like, I would recommend it, especially if you want to try alot more than what the supported apps has to offer.
[125003330230] |Installing new software in Add/ Remove is very simple.
[125003330240] |You find the package and checking it’s box.
[125003330250] |Once you are happy with what you want to install hit apply.
[125003330260] |You will be asked by a dialog to enter your password so the changes can actually be made.
[125003330270] |All software currently installed will already be checked, and you can remove whatever you want by un-checking them, then clicking apply.
[125003330280] |To find a specific application in the list, type something into the search bar at the top.
[125003330290] |Remind you that the searches only look in the category you are currently in, so if you are in the “system Tools” category and search gimp nothing will show up.
[125003330300] |The best place to do your searches is in the “All” category.
[125003330310] |That way Add/ Remove will scan through all categories making sure you (hopefully) get what you want.
[125003330320] |<strong>Using Synaptic Package Manager to manage software</strong>
[125003330330] |The Add/ Remove dialog works just fine for installing most application, but if you want it more hardcore (library installations, reconfigure something…) you will have to use Synaptic.
[125003330340] |You can run Synaptic by choosing it from System, Administration, Synaptic Package manager.
[125003330350] |On your first encounter or glance at Synaptic you might think it resembles Add/ Remove a little bit.
[125003330360] |In fact you are right.
[125003330370] |The left side has all the categories (but many more!) Along the top right are the selection of all the packages for whatever category you are in and on the bottom right is the selected package’s info.
[125003330380] |In synaptic, to install or remove software, click on one of the boxes (to the left of the actual package’s name) and you’ll be presented with a menu with a variety of options:
[125003330390] |<strong>Unmark</strong> - If you’ve marked this package for installation, upgrade or one of it’s many options, this will remove that mark.
[125003330400] |<strong>Mark for Installation</strong> - Will add the package to the list of ones that will be installed
[125003330410] |<strong>Mark for Re-Installation</strong> - If you have some software that is currently installed, but it’s not working for some reason or another, this will remove it and start from scratch
[125003330420] |<strong>Mark for Upgrade</strong> - If your software has updates, this wil download and install them
[125003330430] |<strong>Mark for Removal</strong> - This deletes the selected package from your system, but leaves it configuration file so if you ever decide to re-install the package, you will not have to reconfigure it
[125003330440] |<strong>Mark for Complete Removal</strong> - This deletes the selected package from your system and also removes the configuration files
[125003330450] |After you have made your decisions, you can then hit “Apply” which will then have synaptic download, install, upgrade and remove as you have told it.
[125003330460] |Located right under the Categories on the left side, you’ll see five buttons: “Sections”, “Status”, “Origin”, “Search Results” and “Custom Filters”.
[125003330470] |These modify the list to the left, Sections is the list view, Status shows you packages that are installed or have upgrades waiting for a package, Origin shows all your sources of packages, search results stores your search results and custom has some grouping that’s only for really advanced users.
[125003330480] |You can press Ctrl+F or the Search icon at any time to search for a certain package by name.
[125003330490] |As mentioned already you can return to a search by going to the “Search Results” view and you can just click on the specific search and click on it to search it again.
[125003330500] |Well also giving you the method of installing and removing your apps/ software, synaptic can also let you configure servers that provide packages and let you find an install them.
[125003330510] |Synaptic lets you open up Debian universe and multi-verse.
[125003330520] |Ubuntu is based on Debian Distribution which has around 25, 000 packages today (and growing!).
[125003330530] |Ubuntu only uses a few of those many packages, but makes it easy for you to unlock the many different packages awaiting your discovery.
[125003330540] |When using synaptic you should see small Ubuntu logos next to all the packages which certifies them as being officially supported.
[125003330550] |All other “non”-Ubuntu packages you will enable will not have this seal of approval but still be supported by Debian developers.
[125003330560] |To enable this world of magic, open synaptic the go to Settings, Repositories.
[125003330570] |The list will show you all the servers you have configured (or they were default, either way…).
[125003330580] |All you need to do is check the Universe and Multi-Verse repositories in there and off you go.
[125003330590] |Synaptic shows you an annoying message every time telling you the repository lists have changed and you have to reload the list.
[125003330600] |Click on the reload button on the top to do so.
[125003330610] |You should now see a whole lot of new packages at your disposal.
[125003330620] |However, now, only few have the official Ubuntu logo.
[125003330630] |<strong>Using Command Line</strong>
[125003330640] |With so many things to install and so many ways to install them it’s very easy to adapt to the the many ways.
[125003330650] |At the soul of every installation method they use the world renowned “Advanced Package Tool”.
[125003330660] |The power of APT is overwhelming.
[125003330670] |Join us apt users, nothing comes close!
[125003330680] |Why is apt so cool?
[125003330690] |(It has Super Cow Powers!)
[125003330700] |It was the first to actually handle dependencies in apps/ software.
[125003330710] |Other distributions of Linux like Red-Hat used RPM files with dependencies.
[125003330720] |Example: An RPM for say the gimp will require the graphical tool kit (gtk) which the gimp is based on.
[125003330730] |So If you tried installing the gimp RPM without the gtk RPM it would fail miserably.
[125003330740] |So you take the gtk RPM and try installing it…. gtk has dependencies on three other things and so on and so on until you can’t find a certain RPM for one of the dependencies and you say (censored) that’s enough and then walk away.
[125003330750] |APT on the other hand is superior to RPM in every way mainly because it is designed to retrieve your dependencies.
[125003330760] |So if you want Inkscape it will retrieve all the dependencies as well as the package itself ensuring total simplicity.
[125003330770] |APT also includes installation resuming, which means if for some reason the install doesn’t complete it will start where it left off next time.
[125003330780] |<strong>Using APT</strong>
[125003330790] |To make sure APT will find packages quickly it uses local cache.
[125003330800] |Run this:
[125003330810] |sudo apt-get update
[125003330820] |The apt-get update command tells APT to find updates and download the latest files from it’s list of servers it’s configured to use.
[125003330830] |If your lists are old it takes around a minute to do, if not it finishes in a few seconds.
[125003330840] |After you’ve run that command the latest package info will have been downloaded.
[125003330850] |Now you can instruct APT to auto download any software that’s been updated using this command:
[125003330860] |sudo apt-get upgrade
[125003330870] |If you have more software on your PC there is a higher chance that something will be updated.
[125003330880] |Each run will tell important info on what is about to happen.
[125003330890] |Example: 2 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
[125003330900] |That is all you need to know about what’s going to happen right there.
[125003330910] |Remember, updates will overwrite the existing files replacing them with new ones so there is no real need to worry about how big the update(s) is/ are.
[125003330920] |Remember that a simple apt-get upgrade will never remove or add new software, just update files or existing applications.
[125003330930] |It is safe and will never break things.
[125003330940] |Sometimes though you will see a variable in the “0 not upgraded” this is because some software must be installed or removed in order for the upgrade to succeed.
[125003330950] |In an event as so you will need to use
[125003330960] |sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
[125003330970] |It allows you to upgrade from an older version of Ubuntu to a newer one (Such as Feisty to Gutsy).
[125003330980] |This will move around things and remove obsolete items from the system and installing the latest features.
[125003330990] |This is one of my favorite commands as a new version of Ubuntu is released every 6 months, it allows you to upgrade without discs.
[125003331000] |apt-get upgrade and apt-get dist-upgrade are for bringing packages up to date,
[125003331010] |sudo apt-get install
[125003331020] |Will add new software. example, say I want to install wine; I would run:
[125003331030] |sudo apt-get install wine
[125003331040] |APT will find the dependencies I need for wine and list the dependencies you don’t already have and then ask for your confirmation for installation.
[125003331050] |There are sometimes suggested packages, suggested packages don’t add any crucial features to an application, but you might need them for certain things.
[125003331060] |If you run an APT install on an existing installed package, APT will intercept your command as an apt-get update to see whether newer versions are available for you.
[125003331070] |The next package operation is of course removing using apt.
[125003331080] |It will remove things you do not want.
[125003331090] |This is done by the apt-get remove command.
[125003331100] |Example as follows:
[125003331110] |sudo apt-get remove audacity
[125003331120] |Removing packages can sometimes have effects you won’t want.
[125003331130] |APT will also remove any software that depends on it.
[125003331140] |An example right here, (you would never do this since libgtk is the graphical toolkit for Ubuntu) if you did this APT would insist dragging another 100 or so packages along with it.
[125003331150] |Always read the APT report before pressing “y”.
[125003331160] |A normal apt-get remove will leave behind the config files so that if you want it again you will not have to reconfigure it to your liking.
[125003331170] |If you want the config files deleted as well you would do as the following example: (same as the “mark for complete removal” in synaptic)
[125003331180] |<code>sudo apt-get remove --purge audacity</code>
[125003331190] |That will completely remove audacity (or whatever you want).
[125003331200] |<strong>Finding Things in APT</strong>
[125003331210] |Packages and packages and packages oh my!
[125003331220] |With the huge number of packages available to you, (even more after enabling the universe and multi-verse repositories) It might be a bit hard finding a certain package.
[125003331230] |The tool to find packages is called apt-cache and is used as so:
[125003331240] |apt-cache search cd
[125003331250] |Sometimes a search will have hundreds; even thousands of entries. (such as the one above) apt-cache will also look in the description if you do not tell it otherwise.
[125003331260] |To make APT search in just the title of the package you would do:
[125003331270] |apt-cache -n search cd
[125003331280] |The instruct being -n.
[125003331290] |This has shortened my search a bit.
[125003331300] |Another way to shorten searches and get what you are looking for easier are expressions.
[125003331310] |Here are two basic ones: ^ means start and $ means end.
[125003331320] |Say I wanted to find packages that start with cd (like cdextractor, cdtool or cdcover), I would do this:
[125003331330] |apt-cache -n search ^cd
[125003331340] |Wow!
[125003331350] |Alot smaller now that I have told it I wanted the name to start with cd and I want it only to look in the name of the package.
[125003331360] |Another way to search (and probably the most popular) is to combine apt-cache with grep like so:
[125003331370] |apt-cache search burn | grep cd
[125003331380] |Now I’ve found all cd burning apps.
[125003331390] |Once you have found what you are looking for just run an apt-get install or if you want some more info on the package you can use apt-cache showpkg like:
[125003331400] |apt-cache showpkg cd
[125003331410] |coverThis will show all the info of the package such as dependencies etc… Quite useful.
[125003331420] |<strong>Source Package Compiling</strong>
[125003331430] |Compiling is fun and easy, (for me) most source code is in the tarball format; tar files if you will.
[125003331440] |Those files have been compressed using either bzip or gzip.
[125003331450] |They normally de-compress into a directory holding several files.
[125003331460] |I think it’s best to compile code as a normal user as not to harm your system if there is malicious code (and there is unfortunately) so create a directory in your home folder or something to which you will uncompress files.
[125003331470] |(Mines named just simply “code”)
[125003331480] |Uncompress your tarballs into the folder using the -c option as follows (and replacing “code” with the name of your directory):
[125003331490] |tar zxvf nameoffile.tgz -C ~/code tar zxvf nameoffile.tar.gz -C ~/code tar jxvf nameoffile.bz -C ~/code tar jxvf nameoffile.tar.b2z -C ~/code
[125003331500] |If you don’t know the compression method that has been used you can use the file command:
[125003331510] |file nameoffile
[125003331520] |Now change directories to ~/code/nameoffile (with cd).
[125003331530] |It is also recommended you go to the directory in nautilus and look for a “README” or “INSTALL” file because the software might require you to do things in a specific manner.
[125003331540] |Normally you would compile the source code like this:
[125003331550] |./configure
[125003331560] |This will run a script to see whether or not all the dependencies are correct and your build environment is right.
[125003331570] |If you are missing dependencies the script should tell you the ones you are missing and what it needs.
[125003331580] |When the configure script is finished (has completed correctly), run this:
[125003331590] |make
[125003331600] |make will do the initial compiling of your software and to finish it of and install your software run:
[125003331610] |sudo make install
[125003331620] |If the compilation doesn’t succeed check the errors and run
[125003331630] |make clean
[125003331640] |before you restart.
[125003331650] |To remove the software if you don’t need/ want/ like it simply run:
[125003331660] |sudo make uninstall
[125003331670] |Article Credit Goes to <a>nikoPSK</a>
[125003340010] |<title>Rescue an encrypted LUKS LVM volume</title>
[125003340020] |This tutorial is for people who have encrypted their main volumes of their hard drives using the method offered by the Alternate CD installer.
[125003340030] |First you need to Boot into a Live CD environment and open up a terminal window. (applications-->accessories--->terminal)
[125003340040] |Install required packages using the following command
[125003340050] |sudo apt-get install lvm2 cryptsetup
[125003340060] |probe required module using the following command
[125003340070] |sudo modprobe dm-crypt
[125003340080] |setup the crypto module to recognise the partition
[125003340090] |sudo cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/hda5 crypt1
[125003340100] |Enter your passphrase.
[125003340110] |You should get the following message:
[125003340120] |key slot 0 unlocked.
[125003340130] |Command successful.
[125003340140] |If not, something has gone wrong.
[125003340150] |Scan for volume groups
[125003340160] |<code>sudo vgscan --mknodes</code> sudo vgchange -ay
[125003340170] |REMEMBER the name of the volume group, as you will need it later.
[125003340180] |Create a mount point
[125003340190] |sudo mkdir /volume
[125003340200] |mount the encrypted volume to the mountpoint you just created.
[125003340210] |sudo mount /dev/paulb-desktop/root /volume
[125003340220] |The volume is mounted, now you can chroot or whatever else you need to do.
[125003340230] |If you would like to open the gnome file manager for writing to it issue the following command:
[125003340240] |sudo nautilus /volume
[125003350010] |<title>Lighttpd Webserver setup with php5 and Mysql support</title>
[125003350020] |Security, speed, compliance, and flexibility -- all of these describe lighttpd (pron. lighty) which is rapidly redefining efficiency of a webserver; as it is designed and optimized for high performance environments.
[125003350030] |With a small memory footprint compared to other web-servers, effective management of the cpu-load, and advanced feature set (FastCGI, SCGI, Auth, Output-Compression, URL-Rewriting and many more) lighttpd is the perfect solution for every server that is suffering load problems.
[125003350040] |And best of all it’s Open Source licensed under the revised BSD license.
[125003350050] |<strong>Installing Lighttpd in Ubuntu</strong>
[125003350060] |Lighttpd is available as a Ubuntu package, therefore we can install it like this
[125003350070] |sudo apt-get install lighttpd
[125003350080] |Now direct your browser to http://serverip and you should see the Lighttpd placeholder page
[125003350090] |Lighttpd’s default document root is /var/www on Ubuntu, and the configuration file is /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf.
[125003350100] |<strong>Installing PHP5 in Ubuntu</strong>
[125003350110] |We can make PHP5 work in Lighttpd through FastCGI.
[125003350120] |Fortunately, Ubuntu provides a FastCGI-enabled PHP5 package which we install like this:
[125003350130] |sudo apt-get install php5-cgi
[125003350140] |<strong>Configuring Lighttpd And PHP5</strong>
[125003350150] |To enable PHP5 in Lighttpd, we must modify two files, /etc/php5/cgi/php.ini and /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf.
[125003350160] |First we open /etc/php5/cgi/php.ini and add the line cgi.fix_pathinfo = 1 right at the end of the file:
[125003350170] |sudo vi /etc/php5/cgi/php.ini
[125003350180] |cgi.fix_pathinfo = 1
[125003350190] |Then we open /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf and add “mod_fastcgi”, to the server.modules stanza
[125003350200] |sudo vi /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf
[125003350210] |server.modules = ( “mod_access”, “mod_alias”, “mod_accesslog”, “mod_fastcgi”, # “mod_rewrite”, # “mod_redirect”, # “mod_status”, # “mod_evhost”, # “mod_compress”, # “mod_usertrack”, # “mod_rrdtool”, # “mod_webdav”, # “mod_expire”, # “mod_flv_streaming”, # “mod_evasive” )
[125003350220] |and then right at the end of the file, we add the following stanza:
[125003350230] |fastcgi.server = ( “.php” => (( “bin-path” => “/usr/bin/php5-cgi”, “socket” => “/tmp/php.socket” )))
[125003350240] |<strong>Installing MySQL 5.0 </strong>
[125003350250] |First we install MySQL 5.0 like this:
[125003350260] |sudo apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client
[125003350270] |Create a password for the MySQL user root (replace yourrootsqlpassword with the password you want to use):
[125003350280] |sudo mysqladmin -u root password yourrootsqlpassword
[125003350290] |Then check with
[125003350300] |netstat -tap | grep mysql
[125003350310] |on which addresses MySQL is listening.
[125003350320] |If the output looks like this:
[125003350330] |tcp 0 0 localhost.localdo:mysql *:* LISTEN 2713/mysqld
[125003350340] |which means MySQL is listening on localhost.localdomain only, then you’re safe with the password you set before.
[125003350350] |But if the output looks like this:
[125003350360] |tcp 0 0 *:mysql *:* LISTEN 2713/mysqld
[125003350370] |you should set a MySQL password for your hostname, too, because otherwise anybody can access your database and modify data:
[125003350380] |sudo mysqladmin -h serverip -u root password yourrootsqlpassword
[125003350390] |<strong>Testing PHP5 in Lighttpd</strong>
[125003350400] |The document root of the default web site is /var/www.
[125003350410] |We will now create a small PHP file (info.php) in that directory and call it in a browser.
[125003350420] |The file will display lots of useful details about our PHP installation, such as the installed PHP version.
[125003350430] |vi /var/www/test.php
[125003350440] |<code><?php</code> <code>phpinfo();</code> <code>?> </code>
[125003350450] |<strong>Adding MySQL Support In PHP5</strong>
[125003350460] |To get MySQL support in PHP, we can install the php5-mysql package.
[125003350470] |It’s a good idea to install some other PHP5 modules as well as you might need them for your applications.
[125003350480] |You can search for available PHP5 modules like this:
[125003350490] |sudo apt-cache search php5
[125003350500] |Pick the ones you need and install them like this:
[125003350510] |sudo apt-get install php5-mysql php5-curl php5-gd php5-idn php-pear php5-imagick php5-imap php5-mcrypt php5-memcache php5-mhash php5-ming php5-ps php5-pspell php5-recode php5-snmp php5-sqlite php5-tidy php5-xmlrpc php5-xsl php5-common
[125003350520] |You might see a question like this one:
[125003350530] |Continue installing libc-client without Maildir support? <-- Yes
[125003350540] |Now restart Lighttpd:
[125003350550] |sudo /etc/init.d/lighttpd restart
[125003350560] |(If you've installed the module php5-common and get warnings like this one:
[125003350570] |PHP Warning: Module 'json' already loaded in Unknown on line 0
[125003350580] |it means that the module got loaded twice.
[125003350590] |Open /etc/php5/cgi/php.ini, scroll down to the end and comment out the line extension=json.so:
[125003350600] |sudo vi /etc/php5/cgi/php.ini
[125003350610] |;extension=json.so
[125003350620] |Then restart Lighttpd again:
[125003350630] |sudo /etc/init.d/lighttpd restart
[125003350640] |The warnings should now be gone.
[125003350650] |Now reload http://serverip/test.php in your browser and scroll down to the modules section again.
[125003350660] |You should now find lots of new modules there, including the MySQL module
[125003360010] |<title>How to Burn a CD’s/DVD’s in Ubuntu Linux</title>
[125003360020] |GnomeBaker is a Gnome CD/DVD burning application.GnomeBaker is a GTK2/Gnome CD/DVD burning application.
[125003360030] |I’ve been writing it in my spare time so progress is fairly slow.
[125003360040] |It’s more of a personal project as I wanted to have a go at developing on Linux and I figured that as I had got this far I may as well let it loose on the world.
[125003360050] |Maybe someone will like it and use it.
[125003360060] |It requires a recent version of cdtools (cdrecord, readcd, cdda2wav and mkisofs), version 2 or greater should be okay.
[125003360070] |It also requires growisofs for DVD burning.
[125003360080] |<strong>GnomeBaker Features</strong>
[125003360090] |Create data CDs.
[125003360100] |Blank RW disks.
[125003360110] |Burn DVDs.
[125003360120] |Copy data CDs.
[125003360130] |Copy audio CDs.
[125003360140] |Support multisession burning.
[125003360150] |Record to and burn from existing CD ISO images.
[125003360160] |Can burn via SCSI and ATAPI on Linux kernels 2.4 and 2.6.
[125003360170] |Basically if cdrecord works, then GnomeBaker will work.
[125003360180] |Drag and drop to create data CDs (including drag and drop to/from the Nautilus file manager).
[125003360190] |Create audio CDs from existing WAV, MP3, FLAC, and Ogg files.
[125003360200] |Integrate with GConf for storage of application settings.
[125003360210] |<strong>Install GnomeBaker in Ubuntu</strong>
[125003360220] |sudo aptitude install gnomebaker
[125003360230] |This will complete the installation.
[125003360240] |After the program is installed, open it by doing Applications--->Sound  Video--->GnomeBaker
[125003360250] |Once it opens you should see similar to the following screen
[125003360260] |<strong>Burn Data CD Using gnomebaker</strong>
[125003360270] |If you wish to make a Data CD, click Data CD near the bottom.
[125003360280] |Add the files and click “Burn”
[125003360290] |<strong>Burn Audio CD Using gnomebaker</strong>
[125003360300] |If you want to make an Audio CD, click Audio CD instead of Data CD.
[125003360310] |Change the audio CD length from 21 minutes to 80 minutes (a standard CD size) so that you can add a reasonable amount of music to the CD.
[125003360320] |Add the music and hit “Burn”.
[125003360330] |<strong>Burn .iso using gnomebaker</strong>
[125003360340] |To make an ISO image, click Tools, and then Burn CD/DVD image depending on if you are burning to a CD or DVD.
[125003360350] |Then you will need to find the location of the ISO image (e.g /home/name/Desktop/someiso.iso)
[125003360360] |You can copy another CD/DVD or Audio CD by selecting the option that applies from the Tools menu.
[125003360370] |<strong>Writing a multisession disk with GnomeBaker</strong>
[125003360380] |1st Session:
[125003360390] |1. Add Files to Data Disk
[125003360400] |2. Create data disk.
[125003360410] |Mode=”default” or “tao” (default should be tao, i.e. track-at-once).
[125003360420] |3. Start
[125003360430] |4. Ok.
[125003360440] |Next session:
[125003360450] |1. Import the previous session(s) (Import button).
[125003360460] |You might have to unmount the disk manually in case you get errors at importing the disk (apparently GnomeBaker can’t handle very well the unmounting of a mounted CD)
[125003360470] |2. Add Files to Data Disk
[125003360480] |3. Create data disk.
[125003360490] |Mode=”default” or “tao” (default should be tao, i.e. track-at-once).
[125003360500] |4. Start
[125003360510] |5. Ok.
[125003360520] |And that’s it.
[125003360530] |You should have now a multisession disk.